Bacteria that cause gum disease may be behind Alzheimer's

While evidence indicates PG can cause damage to brain cells, it is still unclear if this damage can result in Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, the bacteria eventually developed resistance but did not resist the gingipain blockers. Incubation of the pure protein with the proteases confirmed this, with numerous cleavage sites, and some of the fragments generated have previously been detected in Alzheimer's CSF and proposed as possible disease markers.

But since recent research had found people with amyloid plaques not suffering from Alzheimer's and efforts to treat the disease by cutting down on these proteins had failed, the hypothesis had come under serious scrutiny. A compound called COR388, which was formulated by the start-up, reduced bacterial load of an established Pg brain infection, blocked the production of amyloid-beta, reduced neuroinflammation, and protected the neurons in the hippocampus.

There was also caution about the fact the drug tests had been in mice.

Around half of adults have periodontitis.

While taking care of your teeth and gums is an important part of healthy aging, Edelmayer says it's too early to say if those steps could help prevent Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease, an irreversible and progressive brain disorder that leads to memory loss and diminished thinking skills, affects at least 5 million Americans.

"In addition, our finding of DNA from P. gingivalis in the cerebrospinal fluid of living AD patients provides further evidence that P. gingivalis infects the central nervous system".

In the paper, an worldwide team of researchers led by Cortexyme co-founders Stephen Dominy, M.D. and Casey Lynch detail the role of a common bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), in driving Alzheimer's disease pathology and demonstrate the potential for small molecule inhibitors to block the pathogen.

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Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, characterised by memory loss that increases over time. "This remains an area of active investigation", he said. Potempa, J. (2019). Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer's disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors. They then developed a group of substances created to block (inhibit) the action of gingipain and tested them on cells in the laboratory.

The interest of scientists to these bacteria is not random.

The Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis also suggests that proper sleep can help maintain good brain health.

'Infectious agents have been implicated in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease before, ' Stephen Dominy, lead author on the paper, said. It is encouraging to hear that clinical trials are underway, but many drugs which seem promising at first for Alzheimer's disease do not turn out to be safe or effective in human trials.

A large-scale clinical trial that will involve giving the drug to patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's is planned for later this year. "We would send patients off for more specific Alzheimer's tests if the results come back showing a cause for concern", Professor Masters said.

"We know for sure that the blood brain barrier is contributing to the evolution of each of those diseases in different ways".

"Despite the involvement of a virus, the [Alzheimer's] disease is apparently not contagious", she told Newsweek.

The Cortexyme study is "the largest to date" to find P. gingivalis in Alzheimer's brains, and it "is clearly very comprehensively approached", says neurologist James Noble of Columbia University, who has studied the link between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's.